http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0810/0810.0564.pdf
The Hanohano Observatory is a deep-ocean anti-neutrino detector, currently being designed. This paper is a brief sketch of some of the experiments it would be able to perform. Placing the detector near a nuclear reactor would allow us to measure the mysterious phenomenon of neutrino oscillation, and could advance fundamental science. Deep-ocean locations would measure neutrino activity from inside the Earth, allowing us a view of nuclear reactions in the mantle and in the core. It's also possible that the detector would allow us to detect astronomical events, and could open up a whole new realm of astronomy.
This paper is from 2008, and it's hard to find what progress there has been since - not sure if this is usual for this kind of proposals, of if it means it's been shelved in favour of another design. Still, I love how much this sounds like something Charles Stross would write!
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